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Medical hair restoration in the literal sense includes the hair loss treatment which depends upon the use of medicines. Unusual hair loss both in men and women is caused by the alterations in the androgen metabolism. Androgen is a male hormone which has a major role to play in regulation of hair growth or hair loss. The dermal papilla is the most important structure in a hair follicle which is responsible for hair-growth. It is the dermal papilla, the cell of which divides and differentiates to give rise to a new hair follicle. The dermal papilla is in direct contact with blood capillaries in the skin to derive the nutrients for the growing hair follicle. Research has shown that dermal papilla got many receptors for androgens and there are studies which have confirmed that males have more androgenic receptors in dermal papilla of their follicles as compared to females. The metabolism of androgen involves an enzyme called 5 alpha reductase which combines with the hormone androgen(testosterone) to form the DHT (Dihydro-testosterone). DHT is a natural metabolite of our body which is the root cause of hair loss. Proper nutrition is critical for the maintenance of the hair. When DHT gets into the hair follicles and roots (dermal papilla), it prevents necessary proteins, vitamins and minerals from providing nourishment needed to sustain life in the hairs of those follicles. Consequently, hair follicles are reproduced at a much slower rate. This shortens their growing stage (anagen phase) and or lengthens their resting stage (telogen phase) of the follicle. DHT also causes hair follicle to shrink and get progressively smaller and finer. This process is known as miniaturization and causes the hair to ultimately fall. DHT is responsible for 95% of hair loss. Some individuals both men and women are genetically pre-disposed to produce more DHT than the normal individuals. DHT also creates a wax-like substance around the hair roots. It is this accumulation of DHT inside the hair follicles and roots which is one of the primary causes of male and female pattern hair loss. Blocking the synthesis of DHT at molecular level forms the basis for the treatment of MPHL ( male pattern hair loss) and FPHL female pattern hair loss). There are many natural DHT blockers and a number of drugs which are used for medical hair restoration. Let us see the main drugs which are available for medical hair restoration in men and women. Minoxidil Minoxidil has the distinction of the first drug being used for promoting the hair restoration. This medical hair restoration treatment drug was used earlier as an oral antihypertensive drug, but after its hypertrichosis (excessive body hair) effects were noticed, a topical solution of the drug was tested for its hair growing potential. Minoxidil was then approved as medical hair restoration treatment drug for men by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1988 as a 2% solution, followed by 5% solution in 1997. For women, the 2% solution was approved in 1991. Though 5% solution is not approved for women, it is used as a medical hair restoration treatment by many dermatologists worldwide. Both solutions are available without a prescription in the US. Mechanism of action Minoxidil is thought to have a direct mitogenic effect on epidermal cells, as has been observed both in vitro in vivo. Though the mechanism of its action for causing cell proliferation is not very clear, minoxidil is thought to prevent intracellular calcium entry. Calcium normally enhances epidermal growth factors to inhibit hair growth, and Minoxidil by getting converted to minoxidil sulfate acts as a potassium channel agonist and enhances potassium ion permeability to prevent calcium ions from entering into cells. Thought the exact action of minoxidil preventing the formation of DHT has not been shown but the drug has been shown to have a stabilizing effect on the hair loss. The result of the drug takes about few months time to be evident since it is the time which is necessary for restoring the normal growth cycle of hair fibers. Use of Minoxidil has approved by FDA for men (Norwood II-V) and women (Ludwig I-II ) older than 18 years. It is used as a medical hair restoration treatment either for frontal or vertex scalp thinning. It brings about an increase in density which is mostly caused by conversion of miniaturized hairs into terminal hairs rather than a stimulated de novo re-growth. The hair loss becomes stabilized after continued use of drug, which takes about a year’s time for the medical hair restoration treatment to show its complete results. Hair loss restoration treatment with 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate and 5% topical minoxidil are found to be superior to minoxidil alone. Topical minoxidil is very well tolerated and adverse effects are mainly dermatologic. The most frequent adverse effect is an irritant contact dermatitis. Though minnoxidil does not have any effect on blood pressure, it should be used with caution in patient with cardiovascular diseases. It is also contraindicated in pregnant and nursing mothers. Finasteride The drug finasteride was earlier used as treatment for prostate enlargement, under the medical name Proscar. But in 1998, it was approved by FDA for the Medical hair loss restoration in MPHL. Mechanism of Action Medical hair restoration treatments with Finasteride depends upon its specific action as an inhibitor of type II 5α-reductase, the intracellular enzyme that converts male hormone androgen into DHT (Dihydro Testosterone). Its action results in significant decrease in serum and tissue DHT levels in even in concentration as low as 0.2mg. Finnasteride is able to stabilize hair loss in 80% of patient with Vertex hair loss and in 70% of patients with frontal hair loss. Most of these patients are able to grow more hair or retain the ones they have. The peculiar thing about Propecia is that its effect is more pronounced in crown area than in the front. The hair that grow after the medical hair restoration treatments are better in texture and are thicker, more like the terminal hair. The best thing about medical hair restoration treatment with the finnasteride is that it is well tolerated and has minimal side effects. Sexual dysfunction (decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and decreased semen volume) are observed in about 3.8% of cases. But these side-effects subside within few months of Medical hair restoration treatments or disappear within a week’s time as soon as the treatment is stopped. It generally requires about 6 to 12 months for the m edical hair restoration treatment to be apparent but the side effects appear earlier. So even after the medicine is stopped, there is no possibility of loosing the hair that has been gained, but the side effects are sure to disappear. Many hair restoration surgeons find Propecia (finasteride) to act as an excellent adjunct to the surgical hair restoration. There are several benefits of this kind of combination therapy. As the Medical hair restoration with Propecia brings about a hair re-growth in the crown area, it has a complementary action; it allows the surgeon to have more donor hair to be available for frontal hair transplant and design the hairline at his own will. Since finasteride has no effect in the frontal area of the scalp, it does not have any interference with the surgical hair restoration. Combination Therapy There are reports which say that use of finasteride and topical minoxidil combination therapy as a Medical hair restoration treatment is of more advantage in cases of mild to moderate MPHL. Further studies are in progress. Many hair restoration doctors have already started the use of combination therapy in order to obtain better hair growth. Anti Androgen Therapy For women with hyperandrogonism( with increased levels of androgen) who do not respond well to minoxidil, antiandrogen therapy is another option of Medical hair restoration. In UK the most commonly used anti-androgen for women is CPA (cyproterone acetate), which is used in combination with ethinyl-estradiol. However, in United States, where CPA is not available, the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone is the alternative choice of hair restoration doctors. Flutamide Medical hair restoration with flutamide has shown improvement as hair loss restoration treatment in women with hirsutism. For hyperandrogenic premenopausal women, flutamide is a better medical hair restoration agent than both the CPA or finestride. Hair loss restoration management is a structured process which depends upon many factors along with the medical hair restoration. 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Steroids may be administered into the body by two primary methods: orally in tablet form, or by intramuscular injection with a needle. Some common examples of orals include oxymetholone (Anadrol), oxandrolone (Anavar), methandrostenolone (Dianabol), and stanozolol (Winstrol). Some of the more popular injectables include nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin), nandrolone phenpropionate (Durabolin), testosterone cypionate (Depo-Testosterone), and boldenone undecylenate (Equipoise). Many bodybuilders don’t just use one steroid but typically combine both oral and injectable drugs in what’s called a cycle, generally lasting 6- to 12-weeks. Injectable steroids are more popular because they are less toxic to the liver than oral steroids (orals have been chemically modified to survive passage through the digestive system). On the other hand athletes in drug-tested sports prefer orals as these drugs tend to clear more rapidly from the athletes’ systems and allow them to stand a better chance of passing a drug test. The practice of using more than one steroid at once is called "stacking," and the pattern of increasing the dosage during the cycle is referred to as "pyramiding." Some users take dosages of 50 to 100 times greater than the recommended medical dosages. The purpose of stacking and pyramiding is to maximize the muscle-building effects and minimize side effects. The fact that this practice has not been proven scientifically has not stopped bodybuilders from following such dosing patterns. Steroid side effects – the contentious issue! No drug is free from producing side effects, and steroids are no exception. Still, most of the ghastly side effects frequently reported by the media are greatly exaggerated either for political reasons or out of ignorance. While it’s true that a few steroid users may suffer serious side effects, the fact is, most do not. Put another way, millions of people have used these drugs for muscle building since the late 1950’s. If they were the cancer-causing, terminal illness-producing drugs, as commonly reported by the media, we’d expect an epidemic of dead and dying bodybuilders and other athletes. The fact that this is not happening should indicate just how much misinformation has been circulating on this issue over the past number of years. Most of the side effects produced can be divided into wanted and unwanted. For bodybuilders and other athletes such “side effects” as increased muscle size and strength, decreased body fat, and increased aggression levels, are the primary reasons why they turn to steroids in the first place. These are the wanted and desired side effects and the more pronounced these effects are the more bodybuilders like it. The unwanted side effects are those that get heavy coverage in the media and by anti-steroid groups. Most of the following side effects can be termed cosmetic and are not life-threatening. They’ll usually disappear with termination of steroid usage. A few, such as gynecomastia, are more serious and should be brought to the attention of a physician. In most cases serious side effects are caused by steroid abuse - megadosing and stacking the drugs for years. 1) Acne 2) Hair loss 3) Gynecomastia (feminizing of the male nipple region) 4) Water retention 5) Deepening of voice in females 6) Clitoral enlargement in females 7) Liver enzyme abnormalities 8) Decreased production of sperm in males 9) Decreased natural production of testosterone in males 10) Increased blood pressure 11) Reduction in HDL the "good" cholesterol Types of Steroids Since their first synthesis in the late 1950’s there have been hundreds of different varieties of anabolic steroids produced. The following shows a few of the more popular steroids used by bodybuilders for muscle building. Keep in mind that since the Anabolic Control Act of 1990, most of these drugs are now only available on the blackmarket and as such, the prices will fluctuate on an almost weekly basis. online vigrx best penis enlagement surgery penis elargement drug top rated penis enlargement pills manual penis enlagement exercise surgical pennis enlargement plastic surgery penis elargement penis enargement excercises do penis elargement pills work

Current research suggests that premature ejaculation is a medical disorder with a psychological as well as a physical basis. Regarding psychological explanations, this theory often look to early male sexual experiences that conditioned rapid responsiveness. A second theory asserts that the pressure to perform under heightened anxiety may be another cause. Scientific evidence indicates that increasing the amount of serotonin to the central nervous system through the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) appears to increase the latency or period of time from penetration to ejaculation. The amount of data related to serotonin levels in the brain suggests that premature ejaculation has an organic basis. Regarding physical explanations, part of specialists agree that there are three main causes of premature ejaculation or early release during sex act: hypersensivity of penis nerves; hyperspasticity of the pelvic muscles; weakness of prostate glands. Pharmacological treatment targets one of more from the above identified causes. The use of low dose anti-depressants including Anfronil, Clomipramine, Prozac, and Zoloft have been reported to be successful in prolonging ejaculation for many men. Levitra is now receiving increased attention from physicians as it has some good results during trials. The Food and Drug Administration is reviewing an application for Dapoxetine, a drug similar to a family of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which was developed by Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, an affiliate of Johnson & Johnson. If approved by the FDA, Dapoxetine hydrochloride would be the first prescription treatment designed specifically to treat premature ejaculation. To avoid the adverse drug side effects from such prescription medications many men is seeking natural remedies. There is now a new herbal formula - Climatrol - that provides natural serotonin precursors and nutrients to improve the speed of the chemical reaction in the brain. It allows more serotonin to be formed and available for use by the body while simultaneously delivering safe and effective herbal antidepressants. penis enlarement doctor best penis enhancement surgery penis enlargement tip pnis enlargement result com enlargement penis penis pump semenax vig rx penis enlargement surgery real penis enlagement do penis elargement pills work

Although of us hear about the different body shapes most commonly described in terms of either “apple” or “pear, many don’t understand the implications and, often times, the inherent dangers of possessing a certain shape. Am I An Apple? Let’s start with the “apple” shape, or, as it is sometimes referred to, the android shape. These terms connote a more abdominally concentrated depositing of fat. Between the two fruit types, this is the more dangerous of the two. Several conditions have been linked to these high levels of abdominal obesity, such as: stroke, hypertension, type II diabetes, coronary artery disease, hyperuricemia, and in the case of women, polycystic ovary syndrome. How Can I Decrease My Weight-Related Risks? The best way to keep your abdominal obesity at safe levels would be to use the Waist-to-Hip Ratio. All you need is a tape measure to measure your waist at its narrowest point and your hips at it widest while standing. For example, if one were to have a 32” waist and 40” hips then your Waist-to-Hip Ratio would be 4/5 or 0.8. Generally speaking, any number higher than 0.8 for women translates as greater health risks; while for men, anything over 0.95 is when things start to become risky. So, keep a tape measure handy. Am I A Pear? The other body shape is commonly called a “pear” shape, or one may hear the term “gynoid”. This essentially refers to a larger depositing of fat in the lower body, which is typically more common with women. However, men have steadily developed this fat distribution pattern in the past 30 years due to their unnatural exposure to estrogen-like compounds found in plastics, pesticides, and hormone-injected foods. This pattern increases the likelihood of prostate enlargement and cancer. While typically lacking the more life-threatening dangers found with abdominal obesity, the pear shaped are still likely to develop mechanical problems due to the excess mass on the lower half of the frame. So, don’t let the insidiously rosy picture of the “pear” shape fool you, it is still ideal for one to minimize fat regardless of its location. Why Does Fat Form On Certain Areas Of My Body? At this point, you may be asking why does fat “fall where it falls.” The reason why is largely dependent on genes and hormones, unfortunately. Some scientists even say that genes are no less than 20% responsible for one’s fat distribution while some have even conjectured that as much as 50% of our fat distribution is determined by our genes. They are still uncertain as to exactly how much of a role one’s genetic makeup plays in determining fat distribution, but it does play a considerable role, no doubt. One thing that is for certain is that the more “feminine” hormones, like estrogen and prolactin, often direct fat to the lower extremities, while a body with abnormally high corticosteroid production leads to abdominal obesity. As is the case with all types of obesity, an appropriate diet and exercise prescription will help you tremendously. So, grab a tape measure and figure out if you are at risk and make the necessary life adjustments. Your body will thank you later. I promise! cheap penis enhancement pills homemade penile enlargement penis enlargement pic vimax home penis enlargement top pnis enlargement pills vig rx enhancement penis enlagement drug cheap vigrx do penis elargement pills work

The resent passing of another HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) testing awareness day this summer made me think about some of my old clients. I was a state certified HIV test counselor for the state of Michigan at the agency where I worked. This meant that I administered HIV tests for those people who believed that they may have been put at risk for contracting HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. This was a stressful job, and some days, down right awful. The awful days, as you can imagine, were the ones when I had to tell a client that they had tested positive for the HIV antibodies. Thankfully, I only had to tell a few people, but those few individuals are forever carved into my mind. I will never forget them or the day that I had to tell them that they most likely were infected with a life altering infection. These people were young, old, and middle aged. They were people not unlike me. Hard working, dedicated to family, goal oriented, future driven. They were beautiful people that are going through life with an ugly, incurable illness. Unfortunately for me, since these individuals tested anonymously, I will never know their true identities and will probably never know how they are and if they are living healthy productive lives, or suffering and alone. Guess what? You could be infected. You could be at risk. You should be one of those clients that walks into an office and asks to be tested. HIV doesn’t discriminate. It doesn’t care if you are rich or poor. If you are male or female. Gay or straight. It doesn’t care how old you are. We have babies in this country still being born with the virus because moms don’t know they are infected. Parents and grandparents are increasingly being diagnosed with HIV. Yes, you need to know that your mom and dad or grandmom and grandpa still have sex. They still can potentially be infected if they are involved with someone sexually that has the virus. HIV is still out there. It is still killing people. We do not know yet how to stop it. Doctors and researchers are developing new ways all the time to slow it down, limit its effects on people’s lives, but we are no where near eliminating it from our world. I have been working with educating about HIV for around 20 years. I am sad and horrified to look at the statistics and see that we are no better off now than we were 20 years ago. The numbers keep rising. There is much in the news about HIV/AIDS rates in Africa and other countries, but I want to remind people that in your own backyard, HIV is still raging. We need to remind people that there are safer ways to behave, to reduce the risk of the infection spreading. The best way to reduce the risk of spreading HIV is to know your own status. There are testing sites available in your state. Get a test. They only take a short time to administer, and usually you can do it without giving blood. You can, in many cases, do it anonymously. Testing is the only way that you will know if you are infected. The earlier the diagnosis, the better the prognosis. Don’t assume you only associate with non-risky people. You can’t possibly know. Ask anyone who has HIV. As a society, we need to become more comfortable with talking about uncomfortable topics. We need to talk to potential partners. We need to talk to our doctors. We need to talk to our friends. I remember thinking when I was a teenager that I wanted to be just like Dr. Ruth Westheimer when I grew up. She was so great about telling it like it was. She called a penis a penis and was proud to do so. I admired that in a time when people didn’t talk to teens about sex, she was willing to. Today, we seem to only talk to teens. We stop talking once that teen grows up. They has become very apparent due to the increasing number of adults over the age of 50 who are becoming infected. So now I am talking. The lessons are fairly simple. Know your HIV status. Know the infectious disease status of your sex partner, or don’t have sex. Use a condom. Don’t share needles if you are using drugs. If it isn’t possible to refuse every time, do it some of the time. Every time you think about your health and act positively for it, you reduce your risk and add another day to the fight against this illness. Find support. There are many wonderful agencies in communities across this country that offer education, help, and the things you need to live a safer life. Everyone has their own story and their own reason not to live safely. These agencies have been trained to help each individual create their own specific plan of action. There are some people who feel that the drugs are available, so it is worth the risk. Certainly we risk getting the flu or infections by going out into the general public with the understanding that there are medications available to make us better if we get sick. So why is HIV different? One reason is that the drugs are expensive. Many people don’t have the insurance coverage to help pay for them, and even if they do, some drugs are hard to come by in certain areas. Secondly, the side effects for many of these drugs are brutal. I know people living with the virus who have chosen to deal with the disease rather than be restricted by the drugs. Another reason is that when you get Strep throat, you take an antibiotic for 10 days and you are done with that medication and that infection. If you get infected with HIV, you take medication for the rest of your life, with the added stress that if you forget to take it to often, it may become ineffective for you, all the while knowing that you never are going to be free of HIV. It is as simple and straightforward as all that. Dr. Ruth couldn’t say it plainer. HIV can’t just be thought about on testing days or awareness days. It needs to be thought about, talked about, and dealt with daily. It needs to have people like you and me to continue to fight the fight for comprehensive sexuality education. To continue to educate everyone about what HIV is about and who it affects. We need to talk equally to young and old alike about the risks that they take with their lives. And mostly we need to not forget those that have died and continue to be infected and affected by a disease that is so easy to prevent. I know that I will always think about my clients and will pray that they are living happy healthy lives.